la dow



(No Model.)

2 sheets-Sheer, 1. O LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

No. 304,010. Patented Aug. 26, 1884.

WwW/@411 N. PEYERS. PheeoALanagrapigr. washington. u4 c.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

0. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

No. 304,010. Patented Aug. 26, 1884.

M, 6U .faz/enter,

vH/f.

dl/ il l llsiiTnn STATES PATENT @Trina olsK-H GPECIFICATEON' forming part of Letters Application filed February 14, 1852.

ARROW.

Patent No. 304,010. dated August 26, 1884.

(No modell To a/Z whom it may con-cern s Beit known that I, Grmnrns La Dow, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and county of Albany, and State of New York7 have invented a new and useful lmprovenient in Disk-H arrows, of which the following is a speeiiieation.

This invention relates to that class ot' harrows which employ concave-convex disks for cutting and turning the soil.

The objects of the invention are, iirst, to construct in sueh a manner and arrange concave-convex disksin such relation to the draftfranie that said disks shall all turn the earth in one common direction without'swerving f rom the line ot' travel and without the necessity of auxiliary supports against side thrusts; second, to attach gangs of disks which turn the soil in one common direction to the draftframe by hinge or other iiexible connections, which shall maintain the disks in proper position relatively to the frame and to each other and permit the gangs to follow the unevenness of the surface traversed; third, to provide disks in gangs which turn the earth `in one common direction with a box to receive and carry earth or otherweight to enforceithe penetration of the gang; fourth, to combine with disks which turn the earth in one common direction an adjustable pole or tongue which permits the angle between itself andthe disks to be varied.

AReferring to the drawings, Figure l represents a top view oi' my invention, showing a method oi' adjusting the pole bodily in lateral direction relatively to the draft-frame. also showing by dotted and broken lines the direction ot' the line of cut relative to the line of draft. Fig. 2 represents a side view of my invention. 3 represents a section of the concave-convex disks and my improved method of bevcling and sharpening the same.

The draft-frame of my invention consists of the cross-bar A and the braces Gr F and G E. G are concave-convex disks mounted in gangs on axles j", and held at suitable distances apart on said axles by the spacing-spools t. The drawings represent the machine as having two gangsof said disks, and clamped together by the ball-and-socket joints x a", mounted in the bearing D, and held at relative distance from the cross-bar by the draw-bar l?, which is hingedby the means of suitable bearings, c c c e, to the cross-bar A. 'The gangs are also supported near their centers by the ball-andsocket joints D D on the draw-bars E E, which are pivoted at 1o fw to the cross-bar A. The ball-and-sockct joints and their bearings D D D allow the gangs to freely vibrate vertically -to conform to the unevenncss of the surface traversed. The hinged draw-bar P allows the inner ends ofthe gangs to rise and i'all, as eircumstances may require.

lt will be 'observed that the draw-bar P is hinged to the cross-bar in such manner as to prevent lateral swaying or cndwisc motion ol" the gangs relative to the cross-bar. The dra-wbars E E are vpivoted to the cross-bar in order that the journal-bearings on their rear ends may have lateral motion, so that they may be more readily applied and fastened in proper place on the axles in order to compensate for any inequality or variation in the length of the'spools or thickness of the disks. When the disks are set at proper angles for work, the convex sides of their forward portions hear against the hard uncut earth inr about the relative position in which they touch the broken drattline in Fig. l. The line of eut is carried by the curvature of the disk to the right of the draft-line, as shown by dotted lines in said Fig. l. The pressure ofthe convex side of the disk against the uncut earth and the line of cut varying therefrom together exert as great a side thrust on the forward part of the convex side of the disks as is made by the side thrust of the loosened earth against the concave side of the rear portion of the disks. The said side thrusts counteract and neutralize each other, being applied to opposite sides of the disks, and compel them to run in a direct course with the line of travel and turn the earth in one common direction.

In order to enforce deep penetration of disks which are arranged to all turn the earth in one common direction, l mount above said disks abox, M, byineans ofV supports or. This box is capable of receiving and carrying earth or other suitable weight, which causes the revolving disks to enter the earth deep or shallow in proportion to the weight carried bythe box.

IOC

By experimenting with a full-sized machine in the field I have found that the condition of the soil and the amount cf earth carried in the weight-box would vary the line of travel of the disks, and under some circumstances cause them to swerve from the direct line of travel. I have overcome said defect by adjusting the line of the pole relatively to the disk-gangs, and under some circumstances moving it bodily ina lateral direction on the draft-frame; and, also, still further aiding the same by moving the draw-bars E E laterally on the axles of the gangs for the purpose of applying the draft ofthe team to one side of the center of the machine. rIhe same results can be accomplished by moving the gangs themselves relativelyto the pole and draft-frame; but I prefer the construction which I will now describe :in detail.

. through all the braces and through the pole for that purpose. The ratchetdever X and its connection has lateral movement on the cross-bar, and moves the rear end of the pole .toany desired point in the staple R, the pawl Son' the ratchetdever entering the segmental toothed rack q, and holding` the rear end of the pole in any desired position.

' Itwill be understoodthat the adjustable bolt f passing through the braces and pole forms the when it is adjusted by the lever.

point or center around which the pole moves The lever andfconnection may be dispensed with and 'the pole clamped tothe cross-bar A in any desircd position by simply tightening the bolts and nuts at the ends of the staple B, the pole being then firmly clamped and held in any idesired position by frictional contact between vthe cross-bar and staple B. This adjustment maybe performed by loosening one of the bolts and nuts at the end of staple B, moving the team to either right or left, and when the desired held by rctightening the Abolt and nut at the angleof the pole is ascertained it can be `thus end of staple B.

The forward ends of the `braces F G and F: G are each provided with a series of small y holes, g g g g, and the said braces being piv-l v'oted to the cross-bar A by eyebolts w w, the

pole may be moved bodily, as shown in Fig. 1

by dotted lines, relatively to the cross-bar right or left, in order that the draft maybe Vcarried toward either end of the machine to assist in counteracting the side thrusts of the *.di'sks. -w ai, Vmay be placed on the axle between other The draw-bars E E, being pivoted at ldisks thanA those indicated at Fig. l in the drawings, said adjustment also assisting in counteracting the side thrusts of the disks.'

.eled on its concave edge. inwardly from the plane of the cutting-edge When the draw-bars E E are adjusted between other disks than in the position shown in Fig. l, the draw-bar P may also be adjusted later ally relative to the cross-bar by changing the other and at an angle across the line of zdrait,

and are thus adapted to turn the soil in one common direction. It will also be observed that the disks are disposed in two independent gangs in line with each other, capable of ,independent rotation in either direction, so that the machine may be turnedito the right or left with facility.

The weightbox is hinged or hooked by its supports o to the eyebolts w w lon the crossbar A. The rear parts of the supportsa-v are fastened by bolts to the draw-bars E E. By taking oft the nuts from said bolts the weightboX can beunhinged from the eyebolts i0 w, this construction forming aconvenient means for .applying or detacliing rthe weightfbox. The seat N is mounted onthe weight-boxM by means of the standard m and staples a a. It will be observed that the weight carried by the box is applied to the disk-gangs through their outer journal-bearings, D D,so that the box shall not be disturbed by nor prevent the vibratory movements of the disk-gangs. The weights may be removed `from the `box Maud ICO the pole adjusted ata right angle with.' the disks, in which position the machine maybe drawn from one field to another without tearing up the earth. and without swerving `from the line of travel.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a cutti.ngdiskbev The bevel inclines of the disk, and thus gives a sharp edge. By cutting the disk in this way a good edge is obtained, and the convex face fof the disk isleft uniform from its edge to the center, and isnot liable to bind in the earth or rbecome broken. This harrow-may be constructed in one `gang or in several, or the disks Imay bei used yon separate spindles. Disks of different size and curvatures may be used, and the fornrof adjustment may be multipiied, according to the choice of the manufacturer.

The results hereinbefore describedrean be accomplished by other vforms of construction. without departing from the principles -of V:my invention, which contemplates such yorganizad tionof parts as shall provide a harrowV with revolving disks, which shall all turn the earth in one common direction, lwithout swerving from the lline of draft; when `set-at an angle IIO thereto, and rely solely on its arrangement and adjustability of parts to accomplish said result without the aid of auxiliary wheels, colters, shoes, or other devices heretofore used for such purpose.

I am aware that in a patent herefore granted a machine is shown having two cuttingdisks, a rudder-wheel, and a hinged pole ca pable of being adjusted to vary its angle relatively to the disks. I am also aware that a laterally-shifting tongue, broadly, is old, such a tongue being shown in a wheel-plow patent heretofore granted. I therefore make no claim to such subjects-matter.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. In a burrow, the combination of a pole, a draftframc, cutting-disks thereon arranged to turn the earth in one common direction, mechanism for shifting the pole bodily relatively to the frame, and mechanism for varying the angle of the pole to the disk-gang, substantially as set forth.

2. In a harrow, the combination of a draftf ame, gangs of cutting-disks arranged to turn the soil in one common direction, and connections Ebetwcen the frame and gangs which can be shifted laterally on the gang-shafts, for the purpose set forth.

3. In a barrow, the combination of a draftfraine, gangs of cutting disks arranged to turn the soil in one common direction, connections E between the l" rame and gangs which can be shifted laterally on the gang-shafts, a drawbar, I), connected with the inner ends of the gang-shafts, and means by which the said draw-bar may be shifted on the frame to ac commodate the shifting of the connections E on the gang-shafts.

4. In a harrow, the combination of a draft frame, gangs of cutting-disks arranged to turn the earth in one common direction, and connections between the gangs and frame which permit the gangs to flex to conform to the inequalities of the surface traversed, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a draft-frame, gangs of disks arranged at or about in the same line across the path of the machine, and capable of rising and falling or flexing at their inner ends, draft-connections between the gangs and frame on which the gangs turn, and aweightbox arranged above the gangs, and supported thereon at or about the said draft-connections, substantially as sei: forth.

6. In a barrow, the combination of an adjustable pole, a draft-frame, gangs of disks placed across the line ofthe pole and arranged to turn the soil in one common direction, the disks forming the sole support and guide for the machine, and mechanism whereby the angle of the pole may be varied relatively to the gangs of cutters, substantially as described.

CHARLES LA DOW. W'itnesses:

RICHARD I). Dornier, WM. W. DIAMOND. 

